De Stijl and the Nieuwe Bouwen
The Netherlands was neutral in the First World War and became a centre of the new architecture: the richly modelled brick of the Amsterdam School, the coloured planes of De Stijl and the glass factories of Rotterdam.
Gerrit Rietveld’s Schröder House in Utrecht of 1924 is De Stijl in three dimensions, with sliding partitions and planes in primary colours. The Van Nelle factory in Rotterdam, by Brinkman and Van der Vlugt, completed in 1931, is a bright factory of glass and concrete and today a World Heritage Site.
The Amsterdam School, with Michel de Klerk, built housing in richly modelled brick, and J.J.P. Oud designed white housing estates in Rotterdam.