Argand lamp
The oil lamp with a round, hollow wick and glass chimney that gave ten times more light than a candle.
The Swiss physicist Aimé Argand patented his lamp in England in 1784. The air drawn through the wick and chimney made the oil burn cleanly and brightly.
The lamp was improved in France with a clockwork pump (the Carcel lamp) and the spring-driven moderator lamp. It was standard in well-off homes until paraffin arrived.
Materials: Brass or tinplate, glass
Manufacture: Burners and reservoirs were made by lamp makers in London and Paris; the chimney was blown.
The round, hollow wick, fed with air from inside and out.
The glass chimney around the flame, which creates a draught.
The oil reservoir to one side, higher than the flame.